Friday, May 13, 2011

Charles Cramer




"Moon, Jeffrey Pine, Sentenial Dome, Yosemite"

"Spring Flood, Nevada Fall, Yosemite"

"Bare Trees, Red Leaves, Arcadia, Maine"

"Waves, Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona"

"Dawn, Remarkable Rocks, Australia, 1981"

"Reflections, Tuolumne River, Glen Aulin, Yosemite"

"Paria Wall, Paria National Wilderness Area, Utah"

I am most grateful to Charles Cramer for his kind permission to reproduce his work here on my blog.

Charles Cramer's own story:

Just before leaving for two years of graduate piano study at the Eastman School of Music in Rochester, New York, I visited Yosemite National Park for the first time. This was my first real camping trip—and it was a revelation. In the tiny practice rooms at Eastman, I kept dreaming of the wide-open spaces of the Sierra. George Eastman, the founder of the Eastman School of Music, also founded a company named Kodak, which was headquartered in Rochester. Thus, the public library there had a superb photography section. This was where I searched for Yosemite books, and discovered Ansel Adams. Adams himself trained as a pianist, and later turned to photography. I had spent many hours in my father's darkroom, and enjoyed making "happy-snap" prints of friends. But I never realized that photography could also be an art form.

Another revelation was a trip a few years later to the Center for Creative Photography in Tucson, Arizona. With a pair of white gloves, one was free to look through boxes of prints by masters like Edward Weston, Jerry Uelsmann, and Ansel Adams. I especially remember holding in my hands the prints from Ansel's Portfolio Five. I had never seen prints like these before—so brilliant that I felt I needed sunglasses! I wanted to be able to make prints like this, prints that glowed from within.

Music and Photography

Adams described printmaking in musical terms: "the negative is the score, and the print the performance." I immediately understood the analogy. Playing classical piano involves starting with a score (often hundreds of years old), and trying to bring it to life. Imagination is important, as there are countless decisions about how best to imbue these notes with emotion. It's the same thing in making a photographic print.... There are many choices in shaping the image into its strongest and most compelling presentation.

There does seem to be some connection between music and photography. You see it with George Eastman, and with many contemporary masters like Paul Caponigro, Don Worth, Huntington Witherill and others. Although I didn't have what it took to be a concert pianist, I still enjoy playing, and have given recitals at the homes of Don Worth and, a year after Ansel's death, Virginia Adams.

Print Making

I originally started making black & white prints, but was soon drawn to experiment with color. Color printing in the late '70s was fairly primitive, but there was one process with a mythical reputation that offered tremendous control—dye transfer. I had no idea how all-consuming making dye transfer prints would be! To create one print required the precise exposure and development of approximately twelve sheets of film. The colors are literally disassembled into B&W, and then reassembled in a process akin to silk-screening. With all the steps involved, it offered tremendous control—but also the possibility for things to go terribly wrong. I labored mightily for more than fifteen years with dye transfer. When all the planets aligned, a beautiful print could emerge. But you didn't know how it would look until the final step of "rolling" out a print. I go into more detail on the joys and frequent sorrows of dye transfer printing on this page, making a dye transfer print.

I've spent the majority of my time in photography learning all I can to create beautiful prints. Prints that are brilliant (sunglasses optional), and prints that are more subtle and quiet. Making prints has been my obsession.

The Ansel Adams Gallery

When I took my first Ansel Adams workshop in 1977, never in my wildest dreams did I imagine they would one day sell my prints. But, in 1982, the gallery took a few of my prints on consignment. It wasn't until ten years later that I finally had a solo show, and we're now up to fifteen, with another show in April of 2008. I also started teaching for the venerable Ansel Adams Gallery Workshop Program in 1987, with a class on dye transfer printing. During this weekend workshop, we chose one transparency from one student, and at the end of the workshop had one finished print (that usually wasn't too exciting...). Nowadays, during the digital printing workshops I teach for the gallery, each student can produce up to ten prints, and they're usually very exciting!

The Big Revolution - Digital Print Making

One of the students in my dye transfer workshop of 1989 was Bill Atkinson, who eventually introduced me to making prints digitally. Bill knew in 1989 that there had to be a better way to make prints, but it took until around 1996 (with the invention of the "Lightjet" digital enlarger) for all the pieces to come together. There was a steep learning curve, with scanning and Photoshop, but it soon became clear that digital allowed ultimate control over the final print—I'm convinced Ansel would be pleased! I'm proud to say that my image "Snow-covered Trees, El Capitan" was the first digital print the Ansel Adams gallery sold, back in 1997. We tried not to say the "D" word (digital) back then, but digital printing is now almost universally accepted. Even though some people believe "they don't make them like they used to", I can now make prints that are sharper, last longer, and with more accurate colors than I ever could with the dye transfer process. Viva La Revolución!

Saturday, May 7, 2011

Carleton Watkins




"Rock Bluffs," Columbia River, Oregon, ca. 1881-83

"Buckeye Tree," California, ca. 1872-78

"Yosemite Falls," ca. 1878-81

"Coast View, No. 1," 1863

"Yosemite Valley," 1865

"Golden Gate from Telegraph Hill," 1868


Carlton Watkins Biography from The Phoebe A.Hearst Museum of Anthropology:

Carleton E. Watkins (1829-1916), while neglected after his death, has recently been rediscovered as one of the finest photographers of 19th century America. Traveling from his home in up-state New York, Watkins arrived in San Francisco in 1851. After three years as apprentice in a daguerreotype studio, in 1857 he opened his own studio, which he operated for almost fifty years. In 1861, on his first trip to Yosemite, he made the largest photos yet taken in California (18 x 22 inch mammoth plates). These pictures were influential in influencing Congress to preserve Yosemite as a park in 1864. From the 1860s through the early 1880s, Watkins served as photographer for several expeditions of the California State Geological Surveys. In 1875 he went bankrupt, losing his studio and its contents; the following year he began a "New Series of Pacific Coast Views," by rephotographing his favorite sites.

During decades of award-winning work throughout the west, Watkins photographed mines, farms, railroads, ports, cities, missions, ruins, estates, and natural landforms. Compared to some of his colleagues, he took very few photographs of Native American scenes, with the principal exception of the ruins at Casa Grande, Arizona. After more than a decade of ill-health, Watkins again suffered the loss of his entire studio contents, this time due to the San Francisco earthquake and fire of 1906. Seriously unbalanced, Watkins was committed to the Napa State Hospital for the Insane in 1910, where he died.

Phoebe Hearst was a major collector of Watkins' work. In 1894, she hired the photographer to document her estate in Pleasanton, but ill-health caused Watkins to leave the commission unfinished after a year of work. Her 140 Watkins pictures in the Hearst Museum form the core of a collection of about 400 photographs that she donated in 1904 (including those of O'Sullivan, Jackson, Hillers, and Beato).

Tuesday, May 3, 2011

Frank Eugene




"Master Frank Jefferson," 1910


"Alfred Stieglitz," 1909

"Miss Gladys Lawrence, The Seashell," 1910

"The Horse"

"Rebecca," 1910

"Miss Gene W."


Frank Eugene Biography from Wikipedia:

Eugene was born in New York City as Frank Eugene Smith. His father was Frederick Smith, a German baker who changed his last name from Schmid after moving to America in the late 1850s. His mother was Hermine Selinger Smith, a singer who performed in local German beer halls and theaters.

About 1880 Eugene began to photograph for amusement, possibly while he was attending the City College of New York.

In 1886 he moved to Munich in order to attends the Bayrische Akademie der Bildenden Künste (Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts). He studied drawing and stage design. After he graduated he started a career as a theatrical portraitist, drawing portraits of actors and actresses. He continued his interest in photography, although little is known of his teachers or influences.

He returned to the United States, and in 1899 he exhibited photographs at the Camera Club in New York under name Frank Eugene. The critic Sadakichi Hartmann wrote a review of the show, saying “It is the first time that a truly artistic temperament, a painter of generally recognized accomplishments and ability asserts itself in American photography.”

A year later he was elected to The Linked Ring, and fourteen of his prints were shown that year in a major London exhibition. Already at this stage in his career he had developed a highly distinctive style that was influenced by his training as a painter. He assertively manipulated his negatives with both scratches and brush strokes, creating prints that had the appearance of a blend between painting and photography. When his prints were shown at the Camera Club in New York, one reviewer commented that his work was "unphotographic photography."

In the summer of 1900 an entire issue of Camera Notes was devoted to his art, an honor accorded only a few other photographers. In late 1902 Eugene becomes a founder of the Photo-Secession and a member of its governing council.

In 1906 Eugene moved permanently to Germany. He was recognized there both as a painter and a photographer, but initially he worked primarily with prominent painters such as Fritz von Uhde, Hendrik Heyligers, Willi Geiger, and Franz Roh. He photographed many of these and other artists at the same time. He also designed tapestries that he used as backgrounds in his photographs.

A year later he became a lecturer on pictorial photography at Munich’s Lehr-und Versuchs-anstalt fur Photo graphie und Reproduktions-technik (Teaching and Research Institute for Photography and the Reproductive Processes). At this point, photography rather than painting became his primary interest. He experimented with the new color process of  Autochromes, and three of his color prints are exhibited at Alfred Stieglitz's Photo-Session Galleries in New York.

In 1909 two more of his gravures were published in Camera Work, No. 25 (January).

In 1910 twenty-seven of his photographs were exhibited at a major exhibition in Buffalo, New York. The catalog for this show described Eugene as the first photographer to make successful platinum prints on Japan tissue. Ten more of his gravures published in Camera Work, No.30 (April), and fourteen additional images appear in No.31 (July).

More than any other photographer of the early 20th century, Eugene was recognized as the master of the manipulated image. Photographic historian Weston Naef described his style this way:" The very boldness with which Eugene manipulated the negative by scratching and painting forced even those with strong sympathy for the purist line of thinking like White, Day and Stieglitz to admire Eugene's particular touch...[he] created a new syntax for the photographic vocabularity, for no one before him had hand-worked negatives with such painterly intentions and a skill unsurpassed by his successors."

In 1913 he was appointed Royal Professor of Pictorial Photography by the Royal Academy of the Graphic Arts of Leipzig. This professorship, created especially for Eugene, is the first chair for pictorial photography anywhere in the world.

Two years later Eugene gave up his American citizenship and became a citizen of Germany. He continued teaching for many years and was head of the photography department at the Royal Academy until it closed in 1927.

Eugene died of heart failure in Munich in 1936.

Wednesday, April 27, 2011

Vivian Maier



"Self Portrait, Undated, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"Undated, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"Late 1956, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"Undated, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"Undated, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"May 5, 1955, New York, NY," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"May 27, 1970, Chicago, IL," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection

"1959, Egypt," © Vivian Maier/Maloof Collection



Special thanks to Vivian Maier.com and The Maloof Collection for their generosity.  Without their kind cooperation this blog entry would not have been possible.

Upcoming Exhibitions of Vivian Maier's work:

July 1 - July 24, 2011
London Street Photography Festival
German Gymnasium, Kings Cross
London N1C 4TB, Great Britain

Fall 2011
Howard Greenberg Gallery
41 East 57th Street
New York, NY 10022

January 2012
Merry Karnowsky Gallery
170 S. La Brea Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90036


"The Life and Work of Street Photographer Vivian Maier," by Nora O'Donnell from Chicagomag.com:

A LIFE IN SHADOW: The North Shore families who hired Vivian Maier as a nanny came to know a kind but eccentric woman who guarded her private life and kept a huge stash of boxes. A chance discovery after her death by a man named John Maloof has spotlighted her secret talent as a photographer and led to a growing appreciation of her vast work.

On an unremarkable day in late 2007, John Maloof, a young real-estate agent, spent some time at a local auction house, RPN Sales in Portage Park, combing through assortments of stuff—some of it junk—that had been abandoned or repossessed. A third-generation reseller, Maloof hoped to find some historical photographs for a small book about Portage Park that he was cowriting on the side. He came across a box that had been repossessed from a storage locker, and a hasty search revealed a wealth of black-and-white shots of the Loop from the 1950s and ’60s. There’s got to be something pertinent in there, he thought. So he plunked down about $400 for the box and headed home. A closer examination unearthed no scenes of Portage Park, though the box turned out to contain more than 30,000 negatives. Maloof shoved it all into his closet.

Something nagged, however—perhaps a reflex picked up from working the flea market circuit as a poor kid growing up on the West Side of Chicago. Though he knew almost nothing about photography, he eventually returned to the box and started looking through the negatives, scanning some into his computer. There was a playfulness to the moments the anonymous artist had captured: a dapper preschool boy peeking from the corner of a grimy store window; an ample rump squeezing through the wooden planks of a park bench; a man in a three-piece suit napping, supine, in the front seat of his car, his right arm masking his face from the daylight. Whoa, Maloof mused. These are really cool. Who took them?

A contact at the auction house didn’t know the photographer’s name but told Maloof that the contents of the repossessed storage locker had belonged to an elderly woman who was ill. As time passed, Maloof tracked down a handful of people who had acquired similar caches of negatives once owned by the same woman, and he bought the boxes off them. With the collection becoming expensive to maintain, this lifelong reseller did what came naturally: He cut up some of the negatives and hawked them on eBay. They proved startlingly popular—some sold for as much as $80 a pop. Maloof realized that he’d come across something special, and he determined to crack the case of the anonymous photographer.

One day in late April 2009, more than a year after he bought that first box at RPN, Maloof got a break. He found an envelope from a photo lab buried in one of the boxes. Scribbled in pencil was a name: Vivian Maier. One hit from a Google search linked to an item from the Chicago Tribune that had been posted just days before. It was the paid death notice for an 83-year-old woman: “Vivian Maier, proud native of France and Chicago resident for the last 50 years died peacefully on Monday. Second mother to John, Lane and Matthew. A free and kindred spirit who magically touched the lives of all who knew her. Always ready to give her advice, opinion or a helping hand. Movie critic and photographer extraordinaire. A truly special person who will be sorely missed but whose long and wonderful life we all celebrate and will always remember.”

After a call to the Tribune left him with a faulty address and a disconnected phone number, Maloof didn’t know where to turn. In the meantime, though, he started displaying Maier’s work on a blog, vivianmaier.com. Then, in October 2009, he linked to the blog on Flickr, the photo-sharing website, and posted a question about Maier’s pictures on a discussion board devoted to street photography: “What do I do with this stuff (other than giving it to you)?”

The discussion went viral. Suggestions poured in, and websites from around the world sent traffic to his blog. (If you Google “Vivian Maier” today, you’ll get more than 18,000 results.) Maloof recognized that this was bigger than he’d thought.

He was right about that. Since his tentative online publication of a smattering of Vivian Maier’s photographs, her work has generated a fanatical following. In the past year, her photos have appeared in newspapers in Italy, Argentina, and England. There have been exhibitions in Denmark and Norway, and a showing is scheduled to open in January at the Chicago Cultural Center. Few of the pictures had ever been seen before by anyone other than Maier herself, and Maloof has only scratched the surface of what she left behind. He estimates that he’s acquired 100,000 of her negatives, and another interested collector, Jeff Goldstein, has 12,000 more (some of them displayed at vivianmaierphotography.com). Most of Maier’s photos are black and white, and many feature unposed or casual shots of people caught in action—passing moments that nonetheless possess an underlying gravity and emotion. And Maier apparently ranged far and wide with her camera—there are negatives from Los Angeles, Egypt, Bangkok, Italy, the American Southwest. The astonishing breadth and depth of Maier’s work led Maloof to pursue two questions, as alluring in their way as her captivating photographs: Who was Vivian Maier, and what explains her extraordinary vision?

Saturday, April 23, 2011

André Kertész

"My talent lies in the fact that I cannot touch a camera without expressing myself."

"I am an amateur and intend to remain one my whole life long. I attribute to photography the task of recording the real nature of things, their interior, their life. The photographer’s art is a continuous discovery which requires patience and time. A photograph draws its beauty from the truth with which it’s marked. For this very reason I refuse all the tricks of the trade and professional virtuosity which could make me betray my career. As soon as I find a subject which interests me, I leave it to the lens to record it truthfully. Look at the reporters and at the amateur photographer ! They both have only one goal; to record a memory or a document. And that is pure photography."

"The most valuable things in a life are a man's memories. And they are priceless."

"Seeing is not enough; you have to feel what you photograph."




"Eiffel Tower," 1929

"Washington Squre, Day," 1954

"Chez Mondrean," 1926

"Untitled," 1979 (Polaroid)

"Untitled," 1979 (Polaroid)

"Untitled," 1979 (Polaroid)

"Rue des Ursins," 1931

"Boulevard Raspail, Boulevard Edgar Quinet, Paris," 1952

"Feeding the Ducks in the Late Afternoon, Tisza Szalka," 1924

André Kertész Biography from Seven Decades Exhibition at The J. Paul Getty Museum:

Hungary, 1912–1925

Kertész was born in Budapest, the second of three sons in a middle-class Jewish Hungarian family. Starting in 1912, he made his first photographs in his spare time while working as a clerk at the Budapest stock exchange. As Kertész later recalled, his camera became "a little notebook, a sketchbook. I photographed things that surrounded me—human things, animals, my home, the shadows, peasants, the life around me."

While reviewing a portfolio of his early work, Kertész stated, "I photographed real life—not the way it was, but the way I felt it. This is the most important thing: not analyzing, but feeling."

Paris, 1925–1936

In the early 1920s Kertész became restless in Budapest and craved broader artistic opportunities. After three of his photographs were accepted into an important Budapest exhibition, he moved to Paris in October 1925 and registered his profession as "photo reporter." There he continued his practice of wandering the streets, photographing the world around him. In Paris, Kertész began exhibiting his work and embraced Modernist approaches to photography.

By 1926 Kertész was acutely conscious of the visual arts beyond photography. He became engaged with still lifes, a subject favored by contemporary painters and one he would explore over the course of his career.

In 1933 Kertész was asked by the publisher Querelle to contribute nude photographs to the men's magazine Le Sourire (The Smile). Since the war he had been interested in the optical distortions created by water or the chromium-plate housings of auto lamps.

For this project he used three mirrors and a camera designed to expose 9-by-12-centimeter negatives fitted with an early zoom lens. "Sometimes, just by a half-a-step left or right, all the shapes and forms have changed. I viewed the changes and stopped whenever I liked the combination of distorted body shapes," Kertész recalled.

New York, 1936–1985

In 1936 the Nazi regime was gaining strength and moving across Europe. Kertész left Paris for New York, where he was offered a job with Keystone Press Agency and where he would live for the rest of his life.

Soon after arriving in New York, Kertész spent time prowling the streets looking for fresh subjects, just as he had done in Paris. One afternoon he observed a solitary white cloud lost in a huge blue sky, dwarfed by the monolithic presence of the Rockefeller Center. Kertész said that the cloud represented himself and how he felt as a newly arrived immigrant—something subject to the prevailing winds.